Overview | IntercellularAdhesionMolecule-1(ICAM-1)isamemberoftheimmunoglobulinsupergenefamily[Rothleinetal.,1988]andfunctionsasaligandforintegrinalphaLbeta2orLymphocyteFunction-AssociatedAntigen-1(LFA-1),amemberoftheleukocyteintegrinfamily[Marin&Springer1987]whichmediateslymphocyteadhesion.
ICAM-1isasingle-chainglycoproteinwithapolypeptidecoreof55kDaexpressedonnon-hematopoieticcellsofmanylineagesincludingvascularendothelialcells,thymicepithelialcells,otherepithelialcellsandfibroblasts,andonhematopoieticcellssuchastissuemacrophages,mitogen-stimulatedT-lymphoblasts,germinalcenterB-cellsandthedendriticcellsfromtonsils,lymphnodesandPeyer"spatches.ICAM-1isinducIBLeonfibroblastsandendothelialcellsbytheinflammatorymediatorsIL-1,TNFandIFN-gamma.Itspresencecorrelateswithinfiltrationoflymphocytesintoinflammatorylesions[Dustinetal.,1989;Proberetal.,1986;Rothleinetal.,1986].ICAM-1seemstobetheinitialMarkerofinflammatoryreactionsandisexpressedpriortoandtoagreaterextentthanHLA-DR.
TheroleofICAM-1asadiseasemarkerhasbeendemonstratedforanumberofdifferentpathologies,includingallergicrhinitis,allergiccontactdermatitis[Vejlsgaardetal.1989],gastrointestinalandbladdercancer,lymphoproliferativedisorders[Laletal.,1992;Rothleinetal.,1991],melanoma[Altomoneetal.,1992;Beckeretal.,1992;harningetal.,1991],HIV-1infection[Mostetal.,1993],malaria,tissueororgantransplantrejection[Adamsetal.,1989;Adamsetal.,1993],diabetesmellitus[Lampeteretal.,1992],glomerulonephritis,asthma[Wegneretal.,1990],rheumatoidarthritis[Popocniketal.,1990]andpsoriasis[Lisbyetal.,1989].
Apanelof50serafromhealthyblooddonors(maleandfemale)wastestedforsICAM-1.ThedetectedsICAMlevelsrangedbetween129.9and297.4ng/mlwithameanof230.3ng/mlandastandarddeviationof47.4ng/ml.NormalsICAM-1levelsmayvarydependingontheserumcollectiveusedrangingupto400ng/mlorgreater.Dependinguponthestudypopulationrangesfrom219ng/mlto1050ng/mlhavebeenreportedintheliterature.
AnalyticalSensitivityandDetectionLimits:
Sensitivity:3.3ng/mL
RangeofDetection:6.25-100ng/mL
Intra-AssayVariation:4.1%
Inter-AssayVariation:7.7%
Recovery:98.6%average
AssayTime:75minutes
Crossreactivity:nointerferencefromsolubleTNF-R(60or80kDa),IL-8/NAP-1,TNF-alpha,TNF-beta,IFN-gamma,IFN-alpha2C,IFN-w,IL-6,IL-2R,E-selectin-1orL-selectin-1.
TheICAM-1ELISAisanenzyme-linkedimmunosorbentassayforquantitativedetectionofsolubleIntercellularAdhesionMolecule-1incellculturesupernatants,serum,plasma,orotherBIOLOGicalfluids.TheICAM-1ELISAisforresearchuseonly.Notforuseindiagnosticprocedures.
TestPrinciple:
Ananti-ICAM-1monoclonalantibodyisadsorbedontomicrowells.ThepairofmonoclonalantibodiesuseinthisELISAassaydetectthesoluableformofICAM-1presentinserum,plasmaorotherbiologicalfluids.
SolubleICAM-1presentinasampleorstandardthenbindstoantibodiesadsorbedtothemicrowells.Asecond,HRP-conjugatedmonoclonalanti-ICAM-1antibodyisaddedandbindstoICAM-1capturedbythefirstantibody.
Unboundenzyme-conjugatedanti-ICAM-1isremovedwithawashstepandHRPsubstratesolutionisaddedtothewells.
Anamountofcoloredproductisformed,proportionaltotheamountofsolubleICAM-1presentinthesample.Thereactionisterminatedbyadditionofacidandabsorbanceismeasuredat450nm.AstandardcurveispreparedfromfiveICAM-1standarddilutionsandtheICAM-1sampleconcentrationisdetermined.
Application:
TheICAM-1ELISAisanenzyme-linkedimmunosorbentassayforquantitativedetectionofsolubleIntercellularAdhesionMolecule-1incellculturesupernatants,serum,plasma,orotherbiologicalfluids.TheICAM-1ELISAisforresearchuseonly.Notforuseindiagnosticprocedures. |