Gprotein-coupledreceptors(GPCRs)arethelargestfamilyofmembranereceptorsthatactivateintracellularsignalingcascadesandundergoendocytosis,recycling,ordegradationuponstimulation.The(mu)m-,delta(d)andkappa(k)opioidreceptorsareGPCRsofthenervoussystem,whichcontrolpain,stress,andaddictivebehaviors.Thedeltaopioidreceptor(DOR-1)isthestereoselectivereceptorforenkephalinsandinhibitsneurotransmitterreleasebyreducingcalciumioncurrentsandincreasingpotassiumionconductance
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