UniProtSummary | FUNCTION:SwissProt:P06213#Thisreceptorbindsinsulinandhasatyrosine-proteinkinaseactivity.IsoformShorthasahigheraffinityforinsulin.Mediatesthemetabolicfunctionsofinsulin.BindingtoinsulinstimulatesassociationofthereceptorwithdownstreammediatorsincludingIRS1andphosphatidylinositol3"-kinase(PI3K).CanactivatePI3Keitherdirectlybybindingtothep85regulatorysubunit,orindirectlyviaIRS1. SIZE:1382aminoacids;156307Da SUBUNIT:Tetramerof2alphaand2betachainslinkedbydisulfidebonds.Thealphachainscontributetotheformationoftheligand-bindingdomain,whilethebetachainscarrythekinasedomain.InteractswithSORBS1butdissociatesfromitfollowinginsulinstimulation.BindsSH2B2.InteractswiththePTB/PIDdomainsofIRS1andSHC1invitrowhenautophosphorylatedontyrosineresidues.ThesequencessurroundingthephosphorylatedNPXYmotifcontributedifferentiallytoeitherIRS1orSHC1recognition.InteractswiththeSH2domainsofthe85kDaregulatorysubunitofPI3K(PIK3R1)invitro,whenautophosphorylatedontyrosineresidues.InteractswithSOCS7. SUBCELLULARLOCATION:Membrane;Single-passtypeImembraneprotein. TISSUESPECIFICITY:IsoformLongandisoformShortareexpressedintheperipheralnerve,kidney,liver,striatedmuscle,fibroblastsandskin.IsoformShortisexpressedalsointhespleenandlymphoblasts. PTM:AfterbeingtransportedfromtheendoplasmicreticulumtotheGolgiapparatus,thesingleglycosylatedprecursorisfurtherglycosylatedandthencleaved,followedbyitstransporttotheplasmamembrane.&Autophosphorylatedontyrosineresiduesinresponsetoinsulin.&PhosphorylationofTyr-999isrequiredforIRS1-andSHC1-binding. DISEASE:SwissProt:P06213#DefectsinINSRarethecauseofinsulinresistance(Insresistance)[MIM:125853].&DefectsinINSRarethecauseofRabson-Mendenhallsyndrome[MIM:262190];alsoknownasMendenhallsyndrome.Itisasevereinsulinresistancesyndromecharacterizedbyinsulin-resistantdiabetesmellituswithpinealhyperplasiaandsomaticabnormalities.Typicalfeaturesincludecoarse,senile-appearingfacies,dentalandskinabnormalities,aBDominaldistension,andphallicenlargement.Inheritanceisautosomalrecessive.&DefectsinINSRarethecauseofleprechaunism[MIM:246200];alsoknownasDonohuesyndrome.Leprechaunismrepresentsthemostsevereformofinsulinresistancesyndrome,characterizedbyintrauterineandpostnatalgrowthretardationanddeathinearlyinfancy.Inheritanceisautosomalrecessive.&DefectsinINSRmaybeassociatedwithnoninsulin-dependentdiabetesmellitus(NIDDM)[MIM:125853];alsoknownasdiabetesmellitustype2.&DefectsinINSRarethecauseoffamilialhyperinsulinemichypoglycemia5(HHF5)[MIM:609968].Familialhyperinsulinemichypoglycemia[MIM:256450],alsoreferredtoascongenitalhyperinsulinism,nesidioblastosis,orpersistenthyperinsulinemichypoglycemiaofinfancy(PPHI),isthemostcommoncauseofpersistenthypoglycemiaininfancyandisduetodefectivenegativefeedbackregulationofinsulinsecretionbylowglucoselevels.&DefectsinINSRarethecauseofinsulin-resistantdiabetesmellituswithacanthosisnigricanstypeA(IRANtypeA)[MIM:610549].Thissyndromeischaracterizedbytheassociationofsevereinsulinresistance(manifestedbymarkedhyperinsulinemiaandafailuretorespondtoexogenousinsulin)withtheskinlesionacanthosisnigricansandovarianhyperandrogenisminadolescentfemalesubjects.Womenfrequentlypresentwithhirsutism,acne,amenorrheaoroligomenorrhea,andvirilization.ThissyndromeisdifferentfromthetypeBthathasbeendemonstratedtobesecondarytothepresenceofcirculatingautoantibodiesagainsttheinsulinreceptor. SIMILARITY:SwissProt:P06213##Belongstotheproteinkinasesuperfamily.Tyrproteinkinasefamily.Insulinreceptorsubfamily.&Contains2fibronectintype-IIIdomains.&Contains1proteinkinasedomain. |