Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) is a proinflammatory cytokine,produced in response to inflammatory agents by a variety ofcells, including, monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells(DCs). IL-1β and IL-1α are two distinct and independentlyregulated gene products that comprise IL-1 and signal through theType 1 IL-1 receptor (IL-1R1). Although IL-1α is cell associatedand IL-1β is secreted, they have nearly identical biologicalactivity in that they induce adhesion molecule expression onepithelial cells, control fever induction, and play a role inarthritis and septic shock.Signaling activated by the IL-1R1promotes these activities through a MYD88 signaling pathwaysimilar to those associated with Toll receptors. Recombinant rat IL-1 beta is a non-glycosylated protein,containing 152 amino acids and has a predicted molecular weightof 17.3 kDa.
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