Interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) is a proinflammatory cytokine producedin response to inflammatory agents by a variety of cells,including monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells (DCs).IL-1β and IL-1α are two distinct and independently regulated geneproducts, that comprise IL-1 and signal through the Type 1 IL-1receptor (IL-1R1). Although IL-1α is cell associated and IL-1β issecreted, they have nearly identical biological activity in thatthey induce adhesion molecule expression on epithelial cells,control fever induction, and play a role in arthritis and septicshock.Signaling activated by the IL-1R1 promotes these activitiesthrough a MYD88 signaling pathway similar to those associatedwith Toll receptors. Recombinant mouse IL-1beta is anon-glycosylated protein, containing 152 amino acids residues andhaving a molecular weight of 17.4 kDa.
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