Polyacrylic acid (PAA) is a hydrophilic colloidal solution, similar in properties to water-soluble natural gums. It is a clear, colorless, viscous stable solution. Applications include the modification of aqueous formulations for such end uses as cleaners, binders, adhesives, and emulsion paints. The sodium, potassium, and ammonium salts are effective thickeners and dispersants useful in both natural and synthetic latex systems. PAA in ceramic applications improves dry strength, dispersant action, and improved workability of the clays. PAA is stable to hydrolysis and is not susceptible to bacterial degradation.